Parchment is usually a very strong and durable material that is quite resistant to mechanical damage such as surface abrasion, creasing and tearing. and abroad, it has therefore been adopted for use here except where quotations use vellum. Since parchment is presently the term preferred by a large number of conservators, scientists, and scholars working both in the U.S.
However, the two words were often used interchangeably, and even sometimes in combination with each other, without any clear distinction between animal type or method of preparation. Vellum was often used to indicate a very fine quality of parchment which was preferred for painting and illumination, or specifically referring to parchment made of calfskin. This material is also referred to as vellum, from the French word vellin derived from vel for veal ("vellum, n." 2022) (alternatively, from the Latin word vitulus and the French word veau for calf (Reed?)). The English word parchment comes from the French word parchemin ("parchment, n." 2022) which ultimately derives from the name of Pergamon, a city in modern day Türkiye and a center for parchment production in the ancient world ("Pergamon" 2022). Parchment is typically described as a highly stressed sheet material with a stiff handle which is made from the skins of small domesticated animals such as calves, sheep, and goats that are cleaned of their hair and flesh and then dried under tension on a frame. 10.3 Nineteenth Century Fine Art Prints on Parchment.10.2 Housing of Dead Sea Scroll Fragments for Exhibition.10.1 Conservation of Early Qur'an Fragments.7.8 Lubrication of Horny, Desiccated Parchment.7.4 Consolidation of Degraded Parchment.6.1 Mending, Filling and Lining Materials.5.5 Potential Alteration/Damage to Object in Treatment.5.4 Unique Qualities of Parchment as a Support.5.3 History of Manufacture and Use of Parchment.
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